Discourse on Metaphysics and Other Essays

Author: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

  • Chapter 1 - On Divine Perfection, and That God Does Everything in the Most Desirable Way
  • Chapter 2 - Against Those Who Hold That There Is in the Works of God No Goodness or That the Principles of Goodness and Beauty Are Arbitrary
  • Chapter 3 - Against Those Who Think That God Might Have Made Things Better Than He Has
  • Chapter 4 - That Love for God Demands on Our Part Complete Satisfaction With and Acquiescence in That Which He Has Done
  • Chapter 5 - In What the Principles of the Divine Perfection Consist, and That the Simplicity of the Means of Counterbalances the Richness of the Effects
  • Chapter 6 - That God Does Nothing Which Is Not Orderly, and That It Is Not Even Possible to Conceive of Events Which Are Not Regular
  • Chapter 7 - That Miracles Conform to the Regular Order Although They Go Against the Subordinate Regulations; Concering That Which God Desires or Permits and Concerning General and Particular Intentions
  • Chapter 8 - In Order to Distinguish Between the Activities of God and the Activities of Created Things We Must Explain the Conception of an Individual Substance
  • Chapter 9 - That Every Individual Substance Expresses the Whole Universe in Its Own Manner and That in Its Full Concept Is Included All Its Experiences Together With All the Attendent Circumstances and the Whole Sequences of Exterior Events
  • Chapter 10 - That the Belief in Substantial Forms Has a Certain Basis in Fact, but That These Forms Effect No Changes in the Phenomena and Must Not Be Employed for the Explanation of Particular Events
  • Chapter 11 - That the Opinions of the Theologians and of the So Called Scholastic Philosophers Are Not to Be Wholly Despised
  • Chapter 12 - That the Conception of the Extension of a Body Is in a Way Imaginary and Does Not Constitue the Substance of the Body
  • Chapter 13 - As the Individual Concept of Each Person Includes Once for All Everything Which Can Ever Happen to Him, in It Can Be Seen, a Priori the Evidences or the Reasons for the Reality of Each Event, and Why One Happened Sooner Than the Other
  • Chapter 14 - God Produces Different Substances According to the Different Views Which He Has of the World
  • Chapter 15 - The Action of One Finite Substance Upon Another Consists Only in the Increase in the Degrees of the Expression of the First Combined With a Decrease in That of the Second Insofar as God Has in Advance Fashioned Them So That They Shall Act in Accord
  • Chapter 16 - The Extraordinary Intervention of God Is Included in What Our Particular Essence Express Because Their Expression Includes Everything
  • Chapter 17 - An Example of a Subordinate Regulation in the Law of Nature Which Demonstrates That God Always Preserves the Same Amount of Force in a Regular Way but Not the Same Quantity of Motion
  • Chapter 18 - The Distinction Between Force and the Quantity of Motion Is Important, Among Other Reasons, as Showing That We Must Have Recourse to Metaphysical Considerations in Addition to Discussions of Extension if We Wish to Explain the Phenomena of Matter
  • Chapter 19 - The Utility of Final Causes in Physics
  • Chapter 20 - A Noteworthy Disquisition by Socrates in Plato's Phaedo Against Philosophers Who Were Too Materialistic
  • Chapter 21 - If the Laws of Mechanics Were Derived Solely From Geometry Without Any Use of Metaphysical Principles, the Phenomena Would Be Very Different From What They Are
  • Chapter 22 - Reconciliation of the Two Methods of Explanation, the One Using Final Causes, and the Other Efficient Causes, Thus Satisfying Both Those Who Explain Nature Mechanically and Those Who Have Recourse to Incorporeal Natures
  • Chapter 23 - Returning to Immaterial Substances We Explain How God Acts Upon the Understanding of Spirits and Ask Whether One Always Has the Idea of That to Which His Thought Refers
  • Chapter 24 - The Nature of Clear and Obscure, Distinct and Confused, Adequate and Inadequate, Intuitive and Assumed Knowledge, and of Nominal, Real, Causal, and Essential Definitions
  • Chapter 25 - In What Cases Knowledge Is Added to Mere Contemplation of the Idea
  • Chapter 26 - Ideas Are All Stored Up Within Us. Plato's Doctrine of Reminiscence
  • Chapter 27 - In What Respect Our Souls Can Be Compared to Blank Tablets, and How Conceptions Are Derived From the Senses
  • Chapter 28 - The Only Immediate Object of Our Perceptions Which Exists Outside of Us Is God, and in Him Alone Is Our Light
  • Chapter 29 - Yet We Think Directly by Means of Our Own Ideas and Not Through God's
  • Chapter 30 - How God Inclines Our Souls Without Necessitating Them; That There Are No Grounds for Complaint; That We Must Not Ask Why Judas Sinned Because This Free Act Is Contained in His Concept, the Only Question Being Why Judas' the Sinner Is Admitted to Existence Preferably to Other Possible Persons; Concerning the Original Imperfection or Limitation Before the Fall and Concerning the Different Degrees of Grace
  • Chapter 31 - Concerning the Motives of Election; Foreseen Faith, and Absolute Decrees, All of These Problems Being Reducible to the Question Why God Has Chosen and Resolved to Admit to Existence Just Such a Possible Person, Whose Concept Includes Just Such a Sequence of Free Acts and of Free Gifts of Grace. This at Once Puts an End to All Difficulties
  • Chapter 32 - Utility of These Principles in Matters of Piety and Religion
  • Religion Philosophy

    Previous:

    On the Incarnation of the Word

    Next:

    As Against God we are Always in the …
Home / Email / Site